Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men? What is the reason does this benefit increase over time? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence is not strong enough to make an unambiguous conclusion. We know that biological, behavioral and environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women live longer than men; but we don't know exactly what the contribution to each of these variables is.

Independently of the exact number of pounds, we know that at least part of the reason why women live so much longer than men today and not in the past, has to have to do with the fact that certain significant non-biological elements have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the diagonal parity line , this means that in all countries the newborn girl is likely to live longer than a new boy.1

This chart shows that, although there is a women's advantage everywhere, افضل شامبو وبلسم cross-country differences could be significant. In Russia women are 10 years older than men; in Bhutan the gap is less than half each year.

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The advantage of women in terms of life expectancy was lower in developed countries as compared to the present.
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The next chart plots the life expectancy of males and females at birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two specific points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Women and men in America live longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The second is that there is an increasing gap: The female advantage in life expectancy used be very modest however it increased dramatically during the last century.

You can check if the points you've listed are applicable to other countries that have information by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, افضل شامبو وبلسم and Sweden.