Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women live longer than men? And why has this advantage gotten larger over time? The evidence is limited and we're only able to provide partial answers. Although we know that there are behavioral, biological and environmental variables that play an integral role in the longevity of women over males, تحاميل مهبلية (https://glorynote.com/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84/) we aren't sure how much each one contributes.

In spite of the precise amount, we can say that at least a portion of the reason women live longer than men in the present, but not previously, is to have to do with the fact that some significant non-biological elements have changed. What are these changing factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is over the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl in all countries can anticipate to live longer than her younger brother.

This chart is interesting in that it shows that while the female advantage exists in all countries, global differences are significant. In Russia women live for 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the gap is just half a year.

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In countries with high incomes, the longevity advantage for women was not as great.
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The next chart plots male and female life expectancies at birth in the US during the time period between 1790 and 2014. Two points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Women and men in the United States live longer than they were a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is growing: Although the advantage of women in terms of life expectancy was extremely small but it has risen significantly over time.

When you click on the option "Change country from the chart, determine if these two points apply to the other countries having available data: Sweden, France and the UK.