Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live longer than men in the present, and why is this difference growing in the past? There is only limited evidence and the evidence is not strong enough to make an informed conclusion. We recognize that biological, behavioral and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women live longer than men; however, we do not know what the contribution of each factor علامات الحمل بولد is.

In spite of how much amount of weight, we are aware that at a minimum, the reason why women live longer than men today but not in the past, has to have to do with the fact that certain fundamental non-biological factors have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, every country is above the diagonal line of parity - which means that in every country that a baby girl can be expected to live for longer than a newborn boy.1

This chart illustrates that, although women have an advantage in all countries, the differences across countries can be significant. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men; in Bhutan the gap is just half an hour.

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The female advantage in life expectancy was much lower in developed countries than it is now.
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The following chart shows male and female life expectancy at birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two points stand out.

First, there's an upward trend. as well as women in the US live much, much longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is widening: While the advantage of women in life expectancy was very small It has significantly increased over time.

You can check if these are applicable to other countries with data by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.