Why Do Women Have Longer Lives Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the main reason women live longer than men? And how has this advantage gotten larger over time? The evidence isn't conclusive and افضل شامبو وبلسم we have only incomplete answers. While we are aware that there are biological, psychological and environmental factors which play a significant role in women living longer than males, it isn't clear how much each one contributes.

We are aware that women live longer than men, regardless of their weight. But this isn't due to the fact that certain biological factors have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that every country is above the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl in every country can anticipate to live longer than her brothers.

The chart above shows that, while the advantage for women exists in all countries, difference between countries is huge. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the difference is less than half a year.

__S.17__
__S.19__
In countries with high incomes, the longevity advantage for women was smaller
We will now examine the way that female advantages in longevity has changed over time. The next chart plots male and female life expectancy when they were born in the US during the time period between 1790 and افضل شامبو وبلسم 2014. Two specific points stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Women and men living in America are living longer than they were 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The second is that there is an ever-widening gap: female advantage in life expectancy used be quite small however, it has increased significantly over the last century.

It is possible to verify that these principles are also applicable to other countries with data by clicking the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.