Why Do Women Have Longer Lives Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the main reason women have a longer life span than men? And why has this advantage gotten larger as time passes? There isn't much evidence and we only have incomplete solutions. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women live longer than men; however, we do not know what the contribution of each one of these factors is.

We know that women live longer than males, regardless of weight. However it is not due to the fact that certain non-biological factors have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For اوضاع الجماع example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is above the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl from any country can anticipate to live longer than her brothers.

Interestingly, this chart shows that although the female advantage is present everywhere, country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men; in Bhutan the difference is less than half each year.

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The advantage women had in life expectancy was much lower in rich countries than it is now.
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The following chart shows the men and women's life expectancies at birth in the US in the years 1790-2014. Two distinct features stand اوضاع الجماع out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. and women in the US are living much, much longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

And second, there is a widening gap: The female advantage in life expectancy used to be extremely small but it increased substantially in the past century.

If you select the option "Change country in the chart, verify that these two points are also applicable to the other countries with available data: Sweden, France and the UK.