Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live longer than men and why is this difference growing in the past? We only have partial evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to draw an unambiguous conclusion. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women live longer than men; However, we're not sure how strong the relative contribution to each of these variables is.

In spite of the precise amount of weight, we are aware that at a minimum, the reason why women live longer than men today however not as previously, has to have to do with the fact that several key non-biological factors have changed. The factors changing are numerous. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line , which means that in every country that a baby girl can be expected to live for longer than a newborn boy.1

The chart above shows that the advantage of women exists across all countries, the cross-country differences are large. In Russia women live 10 years more than men. In Bhutan the difference is just half a year.

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In rich countries the female advantage in longevity was previously smaller.
Let's examine how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The next chart shows the male and female lifespans when they were born in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two specific points stand out.

There is an upward trend. as well as women in the US are living much, much longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The second is that there is a widening gap: The female advantage in life expectancy used be quite small, but it grew substantially over the last century.

Using the option 'Change country in the chart, check that these two points apply to the other countries with available information: Sweden, كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور France and the UK.