Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live longer than men in the present and how does this benefit increase over time? There is only limited evidence and the evidence is not strong enough to make an unambiguous conclusion. We know that biological, behavioral and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women have longer lives than men, however, we do not know how much the influence of each of these factors is.

We are aware that women live longer than males, regardless of weight. However it is not due to the fact that certain non-biological factors have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور every country is above the diagonal parity line ; it means that in all nations that a baby girl can be expected to live longer than a new boy.1

This chart illustrates that, although there is a women's advantage throughout the world, the differences between countries can be substantial. In Russia women have a longer life span than men. In Bhutan the difference is less than half one year.

__S.17__
__S.19__
In the richer countries, the female advantage in longevity was previously smaller.
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US in the years 1790 until 2014. Two aspects stand out.

First, there's an upward trend. as well as women in the US live a lot, كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور much longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

And second, there is an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in life expectancy used to be quite small but it increased substantially over the course of the last century.

By selecting 'Change Country from the chart, check that these two points are applicable to other countries that have available data: Sweden, France and the UK.