Why Do Women Have Longer Lives Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live more than men do today and how have these advantages gotten bigger in the past? The evidence is sketchy and ابر التخسيس we have only partial solutions. We know there are behavioral, biological and environmental variables which all play a part in the longevity of women over males, it isn't clear what percentage each factor plays in.

We have learned that women are living longer than men, regardless of their weight. However this is not due to the fact that certain biological or non-biological factors have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, ابر التخسيس there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that every country is above the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl from any country can expect to live longer than her brother.

The chart above shows that while the female advantage exists everywhere, the country-specific differences are huge. In Russia, women live 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan there is a difference of only half a year.

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The female advantage in life expectancy was much lower in countries with higher incomes as compared to the present.
Let's now look at how the female advantage in life expectancy has changed over time. The following chart shows the gender-based and female-specific life expectancy when they were born in the US from 1790 until 2014. Two aspects stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Both genders in America live longer than they used to a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is growing: Although the female advantage in life expectancy was once tiny but it has risen significantly with time.

You can verify that these principles are also applicable to other countries with information by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.