Why Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women have a longer life span than men? And how has this advantage gotten larger as time passes? There isn't much evidence and we only have some answers. Although we know that there are behavioral, biological as well as environmental factors which all play a part in the longevity of women over males, it isn't clear how much each factor contributes.

In spite of the precise number of pounds, we know that at a minimum, the reason why women live longer than men today however not as in the past, is to have to do with the fact that certain significant non-biological elements have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For العاب زوجية (check over here) example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are over the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl from any country can anticipate to live longer than her brothers.

This chart is interesting in that it shows that while the female advantage exists in all countries, العاب زوجية global differences are significant. In Russia women live 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan the difference is less than half a calendar year.

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In countries with high incomes, the longevity advantage for women was smaller
Let's examine how the female advantage in life expectancy has changed over time. The chart below illustrates the gender-based and female-specific life expectancy when they were born in the US during the period 1790-2014. Two points stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Men and women in America live longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is widening: While the advantage of women in life expectancy used to be quite small but it has risen significantly over time.

It is possible to verify that these points are also applicable to other countries that have data by clicking on the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.