Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men in the present and why has this advantage increased in the past? We only have a few clues and العاب زوجية the evidence is not sufficient to support a definitive conclusion. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women have longer life spans than men, but we don't know exactly how strong the relative contribution of each one of these factors is.

In spite of the number of pounds, we know that at least part of the reason why women live longer than men do today but not in the past, is to have to do with the fact that several key non-biological factors have changed. The factors changing are numerous. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for العاب زوجية men and women. It is clear that all countries are over the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl in every country can be expected to live for longer than her older brother.

This chart is interesting in that it shows that while the female advantage is present everywhere, difference between countries is huge. In Russia women are 10 years older than men, while in Bhutan the difference is just half one year.

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The advantage for women in life expectancy was much lower in developed countries as compared to the present.
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The chart below shows male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US in the years 1790-2014. Two distinct features stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Men and women in America have longer lives than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, there's an ever-widening gap: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be very modest, but it grew substantially during the last century.

When you click on the option "Change country' on the chart, you can verify that these two points apply to other countries with available data: Sweden, France and the UK.