Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live longer than men and why does this benefit increase in the past? We only have partial evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to support an informed conclusion. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women live longer than men; however, we aren't sure how significant the impact of each of these factors is.

In spite of the weight, we know that at least part of the reason why women live longer than men however not as previously, is to be due to the fact that some key non-biological factors have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is above the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl in all countries can expect to live longer than her brothers.

The chart above shows that although the female advantage exists across all countries, زيوت تطويل الشعر the global differences are significant. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the difference is just half a year.

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The female advantage in life expectancy was less in rich countries that it is today.
Let's examine the way that female advantages in terms of longevity has changed over time. The chart below shows male and female life expectancy at the birth in the US between 1790 to 2014. Two specific points stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Men as well as women in the US live much, much longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is increasing: While the advantage of women in life expectancy used to be extremely small but it has risen significantly over time.

You can verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries with data by clicking the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.