Why Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live longer than men in the present, and why is this difference growing over time? We only have partial evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to draw an informed conclusion. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women have longer life spans than men, but we don't know exactly what the contribution of each of these factors is.

In spite of how much amount, we can say that at least part of the reason why women live longer than men do today, but not previously, is to do with the fact that some significant non-biological elements have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, افضل شامبو وبلسم ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are over the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl from every country could anticipate to live longer than her older brother.

It is interesting to note that although the female advantage exists across all countries, the difference between countries is huge. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men; in Bhutan the difference is less than half a year.

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The advantage of women in life expectancy was smaller in developed countries than it is today.
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The chart below illustrates the male and female life expectancies at birth in the US from 1790 until 2014. Two specific points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Women and men in America live longer than they were 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is widening: While the female advantage in life expectancy was quite small, افضل شامبو وبلسم it has increased substantially with time.

By selecting 'Change Country by country' in the chart, you will be able to determine if these two points apply to other countries with available data: Sweden, France and the UK.