Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live longer than men, and why has this advantage increased over time? We only have a few clues and تحاميل مهبلية the evidence isn't sufficient to support an absolute conclusion. We recognize that biological, behavioral and تحاميل مهبلية environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women have longer lives than men, however, we do not know how strong the relative contribution of each one of these factors is.

We are aware that women live longer than men, regardless of weight. However it is not because of certain non-biological factors have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, every country is above the diagonal parity line , this means in all countries a newborn girl can expect to live for longer than a new boy.1

It is interesting to note that the advantage of women exists in all countries, country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women have a longer life span than males; while in Bhutan the gap is just half a year.

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The advantage of women in life expectancy was much lower in developed countries than it is today.
Let's look at how female longevity advantage has changed over time. The chart below shows men and women's life expectancies at the time of birth in the US in the years 1790 to 2014. Two aspects stand out.

There is an upward trend. and women in the US live much, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is getting wider: Although the advantage of women in terms of life expectancy was tiny however, it has grown significantly with time.

You can check if the points you've listed are applicable to other countries that have information by clicking on the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.