Why Women Are More Likely To Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live more than men do today and how does this benefit increase over time? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to draw a definitive conclusion. We know there are behavioral, biological and environmental variables which all play a part in women's longevity more than men, we don't know how much each factor contributes.

In spite of the precise amount of weight, we are aware that at least part of the reason why women live so much longer than men do today however not as previously, has to do with the fact that certain significant non-biological elements have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are over the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl from every country could expect to live longer than her brothers.

The chart above shows that the advantage of women exists in all countries, country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men; in Bhutan the difference is less than half each year.

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The advantage for زيوت تطويل الشعر women in life expectancy was much lower in developed countries than it is today.
Let's look at how the advantage of women in longevity has changed over time. The next chart compares the life expectancy of males and females at birth in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two distinct features stand out.

There is an upward trend. as well as women in the US have a much longer life span longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is growing: Although the female advantage in life expectancy was extremely small, it has increased substantially over time.

By selecting 'Change Country by country' in the chart, you will be able to check that these two points apply to other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.