Why Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women have a longer life span than men? And how the advantage has grown in the past? The evidence is sketchy and افضل كريم للشعر we have only limited answers. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women have longer lives than men, However, we're not sure what the contribution of each of these factors is.

It is known that women are living longer than men, regardless of weight. But, this is not due to the fact that certain non-biological aspects have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and افضل كريم للشعر women. As we can see, all countries are above the diagonal line of parity - it means that in all nations baby girls can expect to live longer than a newborn boy.1

Interestingly, this chart shows that while the female advantage is present everywhere, cross-country differences are large. In Russia women live for 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan there is a difference of only half a year.

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In rich countries the advantage of women in longevity was smaller
Let's now look at how the female advantage in terms of longevity has changed over time. The next chart compares the male and female lifespans at birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two specific points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Both genders in America live longer than they used to 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is widening: While the advantage of women in terms of life expectancy was very small, it has increased substantially over time.

Using the option 'Change country in the chart, you are able to verify that these two points are applicable to the other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.