Why Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live longer than men and why does this benefit increase over time? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to support a definitive conclusion. We know that biological, behavioral and environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women live longer than men; However, we're not sure how much the influence of each factor is.

Independently of the exact amount of weight, we are aware that at a minimum, the reason women live so much longer than men do today however not as previously, has to relate to the fact that a number of fundamental non-biological factors have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and علامات الحمل بولد women. We can see that every country is over the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl in all countries can be expected to live for longer than her older brother.

This chart illustrates that, although there is a women's advantage throughout the world, the differences between countries are often significant. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men, while in Bhutan the difference is less than half an hour.

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The advantage of women in life expectancy was smaller in the richer countries that it is today.
Let's examine how the gender advantage in longevity has changed with time. The following chart shows the gender-based and female-specific life expectancy at the time of birth in the US during the period 1790-2014. Two aspects stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Women and men in America have longer lives than they were 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

And second, علامات الحمل بولد there is an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be very small however, it has increased significantly in the past century.

You can confirm that these points are also applicable to other countries that have data by selecting the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.