Why Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so longer than men in the present and why has this advantage increased in the past? The evidence is sketchy and we have only incomplete answers. Although we know that there are biological, psychological and environmental factors that all play a role in the longevity of women over men, we do not know what percentage each factor زيوت تطويل الشعر plays in.

We know that women live longer than males, regardless of weight. However this isn't because of certain non-biological aspects have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that every country is above the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl in all countries can anticipate to live longer than her brother.

It is interesting to note that while the female advantage exists in all countries, cross-country differences are large. In Russia women are 10 years older than males; while in Bhutan the difference is just half a year.

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The advantage women had in terms of life expectancy was lower in countries with higher incomes than it is now.
Let's now look at how the female advantage in longevity has changed with time. The following chart shows male and female life expectancies at birth in the US between 1790 and 2014. Two areas stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Men as well as women in the US have a much longer life span longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is increasing: زيوت تطويل الشعر While the advantage of women in life expectancy was very small however, it has grown significantly in the past.

You can verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries that have data by selecting the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.