Why Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women have a longer life span than men? What is the reason has this advantage gotten larger over time? There isn't much evidence and we're only able to provide incomplete solutions. While we are aware that there are biological, psychological as well as environmental factors which play a significant role in women who live longer than males, صبغ الشعر بالاسود it isn't clear the extent to which each factor plays a role.

We have learned that women live longer than men, regardless of weight. However it is not due to the fact that certain biological factors have changed. The factors changing are numerous. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, every country is above the diagonal parity line - this means that in all countries baby girls can expect to live for longer than a new boy.1

The chart below shows that while there is a female advantage throughout the world, صبغ الشعر بالاسود the differences between countries can be significant. In Russia, women live 10 years more than men. In Bhutan the difference is only half a year.

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In wealthy countries, the longevity advantage for women was not as great.
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancy at the birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two distinct points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Men and women in the US are living much, much longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is increasing: While the advantage of women in life expectancy used to be tiny, it has increased substantially over time.

You can check if the points you've listed are applicable to other countries that have data by clicking the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.