Why Women Are More Likely To Live Longer Than Men
Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the main reason women are more likely to live longer than men? And صبغ الشعر بالاسود how is this difference growing as time passes? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to draw an unambiguous conclusion. We know there are behavioral, biological as well as environmental factors which play a significant role in women living longer than males, we aren't sure how much each factor contributes.
In spite of the number of pounds, we know that at least part of the reason why women live so much longer than men do today but not previously, is to have to do with the fact that some significant non-biological elements have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.
Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is above the diagonal parity line , it means that in all nations baby girls can expect to live longer than a newborn boy.1
Interestingly, this chart shows that although the female advantage exists in all countries, difference between countries is huge. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men; in Bhutan the difference is less than half one year.
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The female advantage in terms of life expectancy was lower in rich countries that it is today.
Let's now look at the way that female advantages in longevity has changed with time. The next chart shows the male and female lifespans when they were born in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two aspects stand out.
There is an upward trend. Men and women in America have longer lives than they were a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.
The second is that there is an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in life expectancy used to be extremely small however it increased dramatically over the last century.
Using the option 'Change country' on the chart, you will be able to verify that these two points are also applicable to other countries that have available information: Sweden, France and the UK.
