Why Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live longer than men in the present and how is this difference growing over time? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to support a definitive conclusion. While we are aware that there are biological, psychological as well as environmental factors which all play a part in women living longer than men, we do not know the extent to which each factor plays a role.

We are aware that women live longer than males, regardless of weight. However it is not due to the fact that certain non-biological aspects have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, ابر التخسيس especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl from every country could anticipate to live longer than her brothers.

The chart below shows that while there is a female advantage throughout the world, the differences between countries are often significant. In Russia, women live 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan, the difference is less than half a calendar year.

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In wealthy countries, the longevity advantage for women was smaller
Let's examine how the gender advantage in longevity has changed over time. The next chart shows the male and female lifespans when they were born in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two distinct points stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Men and women in America live longer than they used to 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

And second, there is an ever-widening gap: ابر التخسيس female advantage in life expectancy used be quite small however it increased dramatically over the last century.

It is possible to verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries with data by selecting the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.