Why Do Women Have Longer Lives Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the main reason women live longer than men? And why does this benefit increase in the past? There is only limited evidence and the evidence is not strong enough to make an absolute conclusion. We know that biological, behavioral and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women live longer than men; however, ماذا يحدث بين الزوجين في الحمام بالصور we do not know what the contribution of each of these factors is.

In spite of the number of pounds, we know that at a minimum, the reason women live so much longer than men in the present and not in the past, has to be due to the fact that a number of fundamental non-biological factors have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, ماذا يحدث بين الزوجين في الحمام بالصور all countries are above the diagonal parity line ; which means that in every country a newborn girl can expect to live for longer than a newborn boy.1

This chart illustrates that, while there is a female advantage in all countries, the differences across countries could be significant. In Russia women are 10 years older than men, while in Bhutan the difference is just half each year.

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The advantage women had in life expectancy was smaller in the richer countries than it is today.
Let's look at how the advantage of women in terms of longevity has changed over time. The next chart plots male and female life expectancies at birth in the US between 1790 and 2014. Two distinct points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Men and women in the United States live longer than they used to 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, there's an ever-widening gap: female advantage in life expectancy used to be very small however it increased dramatically in the past century.

If you select the option "Change country from the chart, you are able to verify that these two points are applicable to other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.