Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men? Why has this advantage gotten larger as time passes? There is only limited evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to support a definitive conclusion. We know there are biological, behavioral as well as environmental factors that all play a role in the longevity of women over males, it isn't clear the extent to which each factor plays a role.

Independently of the exact amount, we can say that at least part of the reason women live longer than men today and اضيق وضعية للجماع not previously, has to relate to the fact that several significant non-biological elements have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is above the diagonal line of parity - this means that in all countries the newborn girl is likely to live for longer than a new boy.1

The chart above shows that the advantage of women exists across all countries, the cross-country differences are large. In Russia women are 10 years older than males; while in Bhutan the difference is less than half an hour.

__S.17__
__S.19__
The advantage women had in life expectancy was smaller in rich countries than it is today.
We will now examine the way that female advantages in longevity has changed with time. The following chart shows the gender-based and female-specific life expectancy at the birth in the US in the years 1790 to 2014. Two areas stand out.

First, there's an upward trend. and women in the US live a lot, much longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is getting wider: Although the female advantage in terms of life expectancy was quite small however, it has grown significantly in the past.

It is possible to verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries that have data by clicking the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.