Why Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so much longer than men today and how have these advantages gotten bigger over time? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to support an unambiguous conclusion. Although we know that there are biological, behavioral and environmental factors that play an integral role in women living longer than men, we do not know how much each factor contributes.

In spite of the precise number of pounds, we know that at least a portion of the reason women live longer than men do today and not in the past, زيوت تطويل الشعر is to do with the fact that a number of fundamental non-biological factors have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line - this means in all countries that a baby girl can be expected to live longer than a newborn boy.1

It is interesting to note that, while the advantage for زيوت تطويل الشعر women exists everywhere, the difference between countries is huge. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men, while in Bhutan the gap is less than half a year.

__S.17__
__S.19__
In wealthy countries, the female advantage in longevity used to be smaller
Let's now look at the way that female advantages in longevity has changed with time. The chart below illustrates the male and female life expectancy at birth in the US between 1790 to 2014. Two distinct features stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Both genders in the United States live longer than they were 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is an increasing gap: The female advantage in life expectancy used be extremely small, but it grew substantially in the past century.

You can verify that these principles are also applicable to other countries that have data by selecting the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.