Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women have a longer life span than men? Why has this advantage gotten larger over time? The evidence is sketchy and افضل شامبو وبلسم we only have some answers. We know that biological, behavioral and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women have longer life spans than men, however, we do not know how strong the relative contribution of each factor is.

In spite of the precise weight, we know that at least part of the reason women live longer than men however not as in the past, has to do with the fact that several fundamental non-biological factors have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line - which means that in every country the newborn girl is likely to live longer than a newborn boy.1

This chart shows that, افضل شامبو وبلسم even though women enjoy an advantage across all countries, differences between countries are often significant. In Russia, women live for 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the difference is less that half a year.

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The advantage women had in life expectancy was much lower in developed countries than it is today.
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The chart below shows male and female life expectancy at the time of birth in the US in the years 1790 until 2014. Two areas stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Men as well as women in the US have a much longer life span longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is increasing: While the female advantage in life expectancy was once extremely small however, it has grown significantly in the past.

If you select the option "Change country' on the chart, you can confirm that the two points also apply to other countries that have available information: Sweden, France and the UK.