Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live much longer than men today and why is this difference growing over time? The evidence is sketchy and we only have partial solutions. We know there are biological, psychological and environmental factors which play a significant role in the longevity of women over males, صبغ الشعر بالاسود it isn't clear what percentage each factor plays in.

We know that women are living longer than men, regardless of their weight. But this is not because of certain non-biological factors have changed. The factors changing are numerous. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are over the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl from every country could be expected to live for longer than her older brother.

Interestingly, this chart shows that, while the advantage for women exists in all countries, difference between countries is huge. In Russia women have a longer life span than men, while in Bhutan the difference is less than half one year.

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The female advantage in life expectancy was less in the richer countries than it is today.
We will now examine how the gender advantage in terms of longevity has changed over time. The next chart compares male and female life expectancy when they were born in the US during the time period between 1790 and 2014. Two distinct features stand out.

There is an upward trend. Women and men in America have longer lives than they were 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is increasing: While the advantage of women in terms of life expectancy was extremely small however, صبغ الشعر بالاسود it has grown significantly over time.

You can verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries that have information by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.