Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women are more likely to live longer than men? And صبغ الشعر بالاسود how has this advantage gotten larger in the past? The evidence is limited and we're only able to provide partial answers. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women have longer lives than men, however, we do not know how significant the impact of each one of these factors is.

We know that women are living longer than men, regardless of their weight. However it is not because of certain non-biological aspects have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that every country is above the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl in all countries can expect to live longer than her brothers.

This chart illustrates that, even though women enjoy an advantage in all countries, the differences across countries can be significant. In Russia women live for 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan, the difference is just half a year.

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The female advantage in life expectancy was less in the richer countries as compared to the present.
Let's look at how female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The chart below shows men and women's life expectancies at the birth in the US in the years 1790 to 2014. Two things stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Men and women in the United States live longer than they were 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is a widening gap: The female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be quite small however it increased dramatically in the past century.

It is possible to verify that these points are also applicable to other countries with data by selecting the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.