Why Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women live longer than men? What is the reason does this benefit increase in the past? We only have partial evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to reach an absolute conclusion. While we are aware that there are biological, psychological as well as environmental factors that all play a role in women's longevity more than males, we aren't sure what percentage each factor plays in.

We know that women are living longer than males, regardless of weight. But this is not due to the fact that certain non-biological aspects have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are above the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl in all countries can be expected to live for longer than her brothers.

This graph shows that although women have an advantage across all countries, differences between countries could be significant. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than males; while in Bhutan the difference is just half each year.

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The advantage for women in life expectancy was much lower in rich countries that it is today.
Let's examine how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The chart below illustrates the male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US in the years 1790 until 2014. Two things stand out.

There is an upward trend. Men and women living in America are living longer than they were 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is growing: Although the female advantage in life expectancy was once extremely small but it has risen significantly over time.

You can confirm that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries with data by selecting the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور and كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور - read this blog article from glorynote.com - Sweden.