Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women are more likely to live longer than men? And how the advantage has grown over time? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence is not strong enough to make an absolute conclusion. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women are healthier than men; However, زيوت تطويل الشعر we're not sure how strong the relative contribution of each one of these factors is.

In spite of the number of pounds, we know that at least part of the reason women live so much longer than men and not in the past, is to relate to the fact that certain significant non-biological elements have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the diagonal parity line , this means that in all countries the newborn girl is likely to live for longer than a newborn boy.1

This chart is interesting in that it shows that while the female advantage exists across all countries, the cross-country differences are large. In Russia, women live for 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the difference is less than half a calendar year.

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The advantage of women in life expectancy was less in countries with higher incomes than it is today.
Let's examine how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The following chart shows the male and female lifespans when they were born in the US between 1790 and 2014. Two aspects stand out.

First, there's an upward trend. Both men as well as women in the US have a much longer life span longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is growing: Although the advantage of women in life expectancy was extremely small but it has risen significantly over time.

Using the option 'Change country in the chart, you can check that these two points are applicable to other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.