Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men? And how has this advantage gotten larger in the past? We only have a few clues and the evidence isn't sufficient to reach a definitive conclusion. Although we know that there are biological, behavioral and environmental factors which play a significant role in women's longevity more than men, we do not know how much each factor contributes.

In spite of how much amount, we can say that at a minimum, the reason why women live longer than men do today however not as in the past, has to relate to the fact that a number of important non-biological aspects have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl in every country can expect to live longer than her brothers.

It is interesting to note that the advantage of women exists across all countries, the global differences are significant. In Russia, ابر التخسيس women live 10 years more than males. In Bhutan, the difference is just half a year.

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The advantage women had in terms of life expectancy was lower in rich countries than it is now.
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancies at the time of birth in the US during the period 1790 to 2014. Two areas stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Men and women in America have longer lives than they were 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is growing: ابر التخسيس Although the female advantage in life expectancy used to be very small It has significantly increased over time.

It is possible to verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries that have data by selecting the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.