Why Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the main reason women live longer than men? Why is this difference growing as time passes? We only have partial evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to support an absolute conclusion. We know that biological, behavioral and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women have longer life spans than men, but we don't know exactly how much the influence of each of these factors is.

We are aware that women are living longer than men, كيفية ممارسة العلاقة الزوجية فى الاسلام regardless of their weight. But this is not because of certain biological factors have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl in all countries can expect to live longer than her older brother.

This chart illustrates that, although there is a women's advantage across all countries, differences between countries can be significant. In Russia, كيفية ممارسة العلاقة الزوجية فى الاسلام women live 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan the gap is just half a year.

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The advantage women had in life expectancy was smaller in the richer countries that it is today.
Let's examine how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancies at the birth in the US during the period 1790 until 2014. Two distinct features stand out.

First, there's an upward trend. Both men as well as women in the US have a much longer life span longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is growing: Although the female advantage in life expectancy was once tiny It has significantly increased over time.

It is possible to verify that these principles are also applicable to other countries that have data by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.