Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women have a longer life span than men? And why is this difference growing over time? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to draw an unambiguous conclusion. Although we know that there are biological, psychological, and environmental factors which all play a part in women who live longer than men, علامات الحمل بولد we do not know what percentage each factor plays in.

We are aware that women live longer than males, regardless of weight. But this is not because of certain non-biological factors have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, every country is above the diagonal line of parity - this means that in all countries a newborn girl can expect to live longer than a newborn boy.1

This chart shows that, although there is a women's advantage in all countries, the differences across countries could be significant. In Russia women have a longer life span than males; while in Bhutan the gap is just half a year.

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In countries with high incomes, the female advantage in longevity was previously smaller.
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The following chart shows the life expectancy of males and females at birth in the US between 1790 and 2014. Two distinct features stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. and علامات الحمل بولد women in the US live much, much longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is widening: While the advantage of women in life expectancy was quite small, it has increased substantially in the past.

It is possible to verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries with information by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.