Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live more than men do today and why is this difference growing in the past? We only have a few clues and the evidence is not sufficient to reach an unambiguous conclusion. Although we know that there are biological, كيفية ممارسة العلاقة الزوجية فى الاسلام psychological, and كيفية ممارسة العلاقة الزوجية فى الاسلام (glorynote.com wrote in a blog post) environmental factors that all play a role in women who live longer than males, it isn't clear the extent to which each factor plays a role.

We have learned that women are living longer than males, regardless of weight. But, this is not due to the fact that certain non-biological aspects have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are above the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl from every country could anticipate to live longer than her younger brother.

It is interesting to note that the advantage of women is present everywhere, country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men, while in Bhutan the difference is just half each year.

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The advantage for women in life expectancy was much lower in rich countries than it is today.
Let's examine how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The chart below illustrates the male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US from 1790 until 2014. Two things stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Men and women living in America are living longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is increasing: While the female advantage in life expectancy used to be tiny but it has risen significantly over time.

Using the option 'Change country in the chart, check that these two points are also applicable to other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.