Why Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live longer than men, صبغ الشعر بالاسود (https://glorynote.com/) and why has this advantage increased over time? We only have partial evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to support an absolute conclusion. We know there are biological, psychological and environmental variables which all play a part in women who live longer than males, it isn't clear how much each factor contributes.

In spite of the precise weight, we know that at least part of the reason women live so much longer than men but not previously, is to have to do with the fact that certain important non-biological aspects have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line ; it means that in all nations baby girls can expect to live for longer than a newborn boy.1

It is interesting to note that the advantage of women is present everywhere, difference between countries is huge. In Russia, women live 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan the gap is less that half a year.

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In the richer countries, the women's advantage in longevity was previously smaller.
Let's look at how the gender advantage in life expectancy has changed over time. The next chart plots the male and female lifespans at birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two things stand out.

There is an upward trend. Both genders in America live longer than they used to a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is increasing: While the female advantage in terms of life expectancy was tiny however, it has grown significantly over time.

You can verify that these points are also applicable to other countries that have data by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.