Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women have a longer life span than men? Why does this benefit increase over time? The evidence is limited and we have only incomplete solutions. While we are aware that there are biological, psychological and environmental factors which all play a part in women living longer than men, we don't know how much each one contributes.

In spite of how much amount, we can say that a large portion of the reason why women live longer than men, but not previously, has to relate to the fact that certain significant non-biological elements have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are over the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl from any country can anticipate to live longer than her younger brother.

It is interesting to note that although the female advantage exists everywhere, ابر التخسيس the global differences are significant. In Russia, women live for 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the gap is less than half a calendar year.

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In countries with high incomes, the women's advantage in longevity was smaller
Let's look at how female longevity advantage has changed over time. The next chart plots the male and female lifespans at birth in the US between 1790 and 2014. Two aspects stand out.

First, there's an upward trend. as well as women in the US are living much, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The second is that there is an ever-widening gap: ابر التخسيس; new post from glorynote.com, female advantage in life expectancy used be extremely small however it increased dramatically over the course of the last century.

You can confirm that these are applicable to other countries that have data by clicking the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.