Why Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live much longer than men today and why does this benefit increase over time? We only have partial evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to support a definitive conclusion. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women live longer than men; However, we're not sure how significant the impact to each of these variables is.

We know that women are living longer than males, regardless of weight. But this is not because of certain biological factors have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, اضيق وضعية للجماع like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and اضيق وضعية للجماع (click here to visit Glorynote for free) women. As we can see, every country is above the diagonal parity line - it means that in all nations that a baby girl can be expected to live longer than a newborn boy.1

Interestingly, this chart shows that the advantage of women exists in all countries, global differences are significant. In Russia women live for 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan the difference is less that half a year.

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In rich countries the women's advantage in longevity was smaller
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The following chart shows male and female life expectancy when they were born in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Both genders in the United States live longer than they were a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, there's an increasing gap: The female advantage in life expectancy used to be quite small, but it grew substantially over the last century.

Using the option 'Change country by country' in the chart, you are able to confirm that the two points are also applicable to other countries that have available information: Sweden, France and the UK.