Why Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live more than men do today, and why has this advantage increased over time? There is only limited evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to support an absolute conclusion. We know that biological, behavioral and environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women are healthier than men; however, we do not know how strong the relative contribution of each factor is.

In spite of how much amount of weight, we are aware that at a minimum, the reason why women live longer than men in the present, but not previously, has to have to do with the fact that some important non-biological aspects have changed. What are these changing factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are above the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl in all countries can be expected to live for longer than her brother.

Interestingly, this chart shows that while the female advantage exists across all countries, the country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women live for 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the gap is just half a year.

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In wealthy countries, علامات الحمل بولد the longevity advantage for women was smaller
Let's look at how the female advantage in longevity has changed with time. The following chart shows the life expectancy of males and females when they were born in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two areas stand out.

There is an upward trend. Men as well as women in the US live a lot, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

And second, there is an ever-widening gap: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used to be very modest but it increased substantially over the last century.

You can verify that these are applicable to other countries that have data by clicking the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, علامات الحمل بولد (https://glorynote.com/%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF/) and Sweden.