Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the main reason women have a longer life span than men? And why the advantage has grown over time? The evidence is limited and we have only some answers. Although we know that there are behavioral, biological and environmental variables that play an integral role in women's longevity more than males, it isn't clear the extent to which each factor plays a role.

Independently of the exact number of pounds, we know that at a minimum, the reason why women live so much longer than men do today but not in the past, has to have to do with the fact that several key non-biological factors have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is over the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl in all countries can be expected to live for longer than her younger brother.

It is interesting to note that, while the advantage for صبغ الشعر بالاسود - https://glorynote.com/, women exists in all countries, country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the difference is only half a year.

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In rich countries the longevity advantage for women was not as great.
Let's look at how female longevity advantage has changed over time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancies at the birth in the US during the period 1790-2014. Two distinct points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Men and women in America live longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is getting wider: Although the female advantage in life expectancy was once quite small but it has risen significantly over time.

You can confirm that these are applicable to other countries with data by clicking the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.