Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so more than men do today and how have these advantages gotten bigger over time? The evidence isn't conclusive and ابر التخسيس we're left with only some solutions. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women are healthier than men; however, we do not know how much the influence of each factor is.

Independently of the exact amount of weight, we are aware that at least a portion of the reason women live so much longer than men and ابر التخسيس not previously, has to relate to the fact that several key non-biological factors have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, every country is above the diagonal parity line ; this means that in all countries a newborn girl can expect to live longer than a newborn boy.1

The chart below shows that even though women enjoy an advantage in all countries, the differences across countries are often significant. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men; in Bhutan the difference is just half each year.

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The advantage of women in life expectancy was smaller in developed countries that it is today.
Let's now look at how the female advantage in terms of longevity has changed over time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US between 1790-2014. Two aspects stand out.

There is an upward trend. and women in the US live much, much longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is widening: While the advantage of women in life expectancy used to be tiny It has significantly increased with time.

When you click on the option "Change country by country' in the chart, check that these two points also apply to the other countries with available data: Sweden, France and the UK.