Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so longer than men in the present and how has this advantage increased in the past? The evidence isn't conclusive and we have only partial answers. While we are aware that there are behavioral, biological and environmental factors that all play a role in women's longevity more than men, we don't know the extent to which each factor تحاميل مهبلية plays a role.

We know that women live longer than men, regardless of weight. However, this is not because of certain biological or non-biological factors have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that every country is above the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl from every country could be expected to live for longer than her younger brother.

This chart shows that, although women have an advantage in all countries, the differences across countries can be significant. In Russia, women live for 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan, تحاميل مهبلية (relevant web-site) the difference is less that half a year.

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In rich countries the female advantage in longevity was previously smaller.
We will now examine how the female advantage in life expectancy has changed over time. The following chart shows the male and female lifespans at birth in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two areas stand out.

There is an upward trend. and women in the US live much, much longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The second is that there is an ever-widening gap: female advantage in life expectancy used be very small, but it grew substantially during the last century.

It is possible to verify that these principles are also applicable to other countries that have data by clicking the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.