Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men? Why does this benefit increase in the past? There is only limited evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to draw an unambiguous conclusion. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women are healthier than men; however, we aren't sure how significant the impact of each factor is.

We know that women live longer than men, regardless of weight. But, this is not because of certain biological factors have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, ابر التخسيس so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for ابر التخسيس men and women. It is clear that every country is above the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl from any country can anticipate to live longer than her brother.

It is interesting to note that the advantage of women is present everywhere, country-specific differences are huge. In Russia, women live for 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan the gap is less that half a year.

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The advantage for women in terms of life expectancy was lower in developed countries as compared to the present.
Let's examine how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The following chart shows the men and women's life expectancies when they were born in the US during the period 1790 until 2014. Two distinct features stand out.

There is an upward trend. Women and men living in America are living longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is an increasing gap: The female advantage in life expectancy used to be quite small however it increased dramatically over the last century.

It is possible to verify that these are applicable to other countries with information by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.