Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so more than men do today and why have these advantages gotten bigger over time? We only have partial evidence and علامات الحمل بولد the evidence isn't sufficient to support an unambiguous conclusion. While we are aware that there are biological, psychological and environmental variables which all play a part in the longevity of women over men, we don't know how much each one contributes.

It is known that women are living longer than men, regardless of their weight. However, this is not due to the fact that certain non-biological aspects have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line - it means that in all nations baby girls can expect to live longer than a newborn boy.1

It is interesting to note that while the female advantage is present everywhere, country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women live 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan the difference is less that half a year.

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In countries with high incomes, علامات الحمل بولد the female advantage in longevity used to be smaller
Let's now look at how the advantage of women in longevity has changed over time. The following chart shows the men and women's life expectancies at the birth in the US between 1790 to 2014. Two distinct points stand out.

There is an upward trend. as well as women in the US live much, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is growing: Although the female advantage in life expectancy was extremely small It has significantly increased with time.

If you select the option "Change country in the chart, you are able to verify that these two points are applicable to the other countries having available data: Sweden, France and the UK.