Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live longer than men, علامات الحمل بولد and why does this benefit increase over time? The evidence is sketchy and we're only able to provide incomplete solutions. We know there are biological, behavioral and environmental factors that all play a role in women who live longer than men, we don't know how much each one contributes.

In spite of the weight, we know that at least a portion of the reason women live longer than men but not in the past, is to relate to the fact that a number of significant non-biological elements have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for علامات الحمل بولد survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, all countries are above the diagonal line of parity - this means in all countries the newborn girl is likely to live longer than a newborn boy.1

This chart is interesting in that it shows that the advantage of women exists in all countries, global differences are significant. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men. In Bhutan the difference is less than half one year.

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In the richer countries, the advantage of women in longevity used to be smaller
Let's examine how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The next chart compares the male and female lifespans when they were born in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two specific points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Men and women in America live longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in life expectancy used to be quite small however, it has increased significantly during the last century.

If you select the option "Change country' on the chart, determine if these two points apply to the other countries having available information: Sweden, France and the UK.